MOSCH WEB - Interactive Key

1 EYE (OMMATRICHIA)

Eye with long ommatrichia; ommatrichia, generally abundant, longer than the diameter of 3 eye facets

Eye bare or nearly so: ommatrichia, if present, not longer than the diameter of 2 eye facets

2 OCELLI

Ocelli present

Ocelli absent, or posterior ones very reduced

3 [MALE] WIDTH OF FRONS

Frons at its narrowest point about 1/10 of eye width in dorsal view

Frons width between 1/8 and 1/6 of eye width

Frons width between 1/5 and 2/5 of eye width

Frons width approximately 1/2 of the eye width

Frons width between 3/5 and 4/5 of the eye width

Frons width approx. equal to eye width

Frons width ≈ 1.2 times eye width

Frons width ≈ 1.5 times eye width

Frons width ≥ 2 times eye width

4 [FEMALE] WIDTH OF FRONS

Frons at its narrowest point about 1/10 of eye width in dorsal view

Frons width between 1/8 and 1/6 of eye width

Frons width between 1/5 and 2/5 of eye width

Frons width approximately 1/2 of the eye width

Frons width between 3/5 and 4/5 of the eye width

Frons width approx. equal to eye width

Frons width ≈ 1.2 times eye width

Frons width ≈ 1.5 times eye width

Frons width ≥ 2 times eye width

5 [MALE] OUTER VERTICAL SETAE

Present and well developed

Absent or greatly reduced, indistinguishable from postocular setae

6 [FEMALE] OUTER VERTICAL SETAE

Present and well developed

Absent or greatly reduced, indistinguishable from postocular setae

7 LENGTH OF OCELLAR SETAE

Well developed, longer than half length of frontal setae adjacent to ocellar triangle

Short and hair-like, at most half as long as frontal setae adjacent to ocellar triangle

Ocellar setae absent

8 INCLINATION OF OCELLAR SETAE

Ocellar setae proclinate

Ocellar setae lateroclinate

Ocellar setae reclinate

9 FRONTAL SETAE

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to upper margin of scape

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to middle of scape

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to upper margin of pedicel

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to middle of pedicel

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to lower margin of pedicel

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to base of arista

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to slightly below base of arista

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to middle of the facial ridge

Frontal setae descending along parafacial to below middle of facial ridge

10 FRONTO-ORBITAL PLATE

Bare

With a few setulae

With more or less abundant setulae

With a few irregular reclinate or inclinate setae

With a complete row of reclinate or inclinate setae

Very wide, with two rows of reclinate or inclinate setae

11 UPPER RECLINATE ORBITAL SETAE

One

Two; anterior very fine (hair-like) or at least smaller than posterior

Two or three; if two, approximately same length

Upper reclinate orbital setae indistinguishable from uppermost frontal setae

12 [MALE] PROCLINATE OR LATEROCLINATE ORBITAL SETAE

Absent

One present

Two present (proclinate or lateroclinate)

Three or Four present (proclinate or lateroclinate)

With a row of proclinate orbital setae

13 [FEMALE] PROCLINATE OR LATEROCLINATE ORBITAL SETAE

Absent

One present

two present (proclinate or lateroclinate)

Three or four present (proclinate or lateroclinate)

With a row of proclinate orbital setae

14 PARAFACIAL SETAE

Parafacial bare below lowest frontal seta

Parafacial with few setulae below lowest frontal seta

Parafacial with setulae on less than upper half

Parafacial with setulae approximately on upper half

Parafacial with setulae along most of its length, or at least a few reaching the lower half

Parafacial with proclinate setae (and setulae) along most of its length, or at least some on lower half

15 WIDTH OF PARAFACIAL

Parafacial at its narrowest point 1/10 the width of postpedicel at mid-length

Parafacial at its narrowest point approx. 1/8–1/5 the width of postpedicel at mid-length

Parafacial at its narrowest point approx. 1/4–2/5 the width of postpedicel at mid-length

Parafacial at its narrowest point approx. 1/2 the width of postpedicel at mid-length

Parafacial at its narrowest point approx. 3/5–4/5 the width of postpedicel at mid-length

Parafacial at its narrowest point about as wide as postpedicel at mid-length

Parafacial at its narrowest point approx. 1.2–2.0 times the width of postpedicel at mid-length

Parafacial more than twice the width of postpedicel

16 PARAFACIAL RATIO

Parafacial, measured ventrally at narrowest point, >1/4 distance between inner eye margin and antennal insertion

Parafacial, measured ventrally at narrowest point, ≤1/4 distance between inner eye margin and antennal insertion

17 SHAPE ON FACIAL RIDGE [HEAD IN LATERAL VIEW]

Facial ridge concave

Facial ridge straight or nearly so, slightly concave above vibrissa

Facial ridge convex

18 EXTENT OF SUPRAVIBRISSAL SETAE ON FACIAL RIDGE

Facial ridge with supravibrissal setae on lower 1/5 or less

Facial ridge with supravibrissal setae on approx. lower 1/4

Facial ridge with supravibrissal setae on approx. lower 1/3–2/5

Facial ridge with supravibrissal setae on approx. lower 1/2

Facial ridge with supravibrissal setae on approx. lower 3/5

Facial ridge with supravibrissal setae on approx. lower 2/3 or more

19 TYPE OF SUPRAVIBRISSAL SETAE

Supravibrissal setae hair-like, thin, decumbent, or absent

Supravibrissal setae robust, ± erect

20 VIBRISSA

Vibrissa inserted at or below lower facial margin

Vibrissa inserted above lower facial margin

21 FACE

Face not visible in lateral view

Face visible in lateral view, not carinate

Face distinctly carinate, carina clearly separating antennae

22 LOWER FACIAL MARGIN

Lower facial margin not visible in lateral view

Lower facial margin slightly visible in lateral view

Lower facial margin strongly protruding, well visible in lateral view, extending beyond vibrissal angle

23 GENAL DILATION

Well developed

Weakly developed

Absent

24 VENTRAL PART OF OCCIPUT [LOWER OCCIPUT]

Lower occiput (posteroventral part of head) mostly with white, yellowish, red, or light brown hair-like setulae

Lower occiput mostly with black hair-like setulae, but with some light-colored setulae along the posteroventral margin of the head

Lower occiput with only black hair-like setulae

25 DORSAL PART OF OCCIPUT [UPPER OCCIPUT]

Upper occiput (posterodorsal part of head) without black setulae behind postocular row

Upper occiput with only a few black setulae behind postocular row

Upper occiput with one row of black setulae behind postocular row

Upper occiput with two rows of black setulae behind postocular row

Upper occiput with more than two rows of black setulae behind postocular row

26 HEIGHT OF GENA

Gena very narrow, ≤1/15 of eye height (vertical diameter of eye)

Gena appox. 1/10 of eye height

Gena approx. 1/8 of eye height

Gena approx. 1/6–1/5 of eye height

Gena approx. 1/3–2/5 of eye height

Gena approx. 1/2 of eye height

Gena approx. 3/5–4/5 of eye height

Gena approx. equal to eye height

Gena taller than eye height

27 COLOUR OF ANTENNAL PEDICEL

Pedicel black or uniformly dark brown

Pedicel light brown, yellowish or partly yellow

Pedicel yellow or orange

28 ANTENNA LENGTH

Antenna longer than gena height

Antenna approximately equal to gena height

Antenna shorter than gena height

29 POSTPEDICEL LENGTH

Pospedicel at most as long as pedicel

Postpedicel between 1.0 and 1.5× pedicel length

Postpedicel between 1.5 and 2.0× pedicel length

Postpedicel between 2.0 and 4.0× pedicel length

Postpedicel between 4.0 and 6.0× pedicel length

Postpedicel between 6.0 and 8.0× pedicel length

Postpedicel >8.0× pedicel length

30 APEX OF POSTPEDICEL

Postpedicel with non-sharpened apex

Postpedicel with sharpened apex [as in Acemya]

31 ARISTA TRICHOSITY

Arista apparently bare; i.e., trichia not exceeding the length of basal diameter of arista

Arista pubescent or plumose; longest trichia longer than basal diameter of arista

32 ARISTA THICKNESS

Arista thickened on ≤1/5 of its length

Arista thickened on 1/4 of its length

Arista on 2/5 of its length

Arista on 1/2 of its length

Arista on 3/5 of its length

Arista on 2/3 of its length

Arista on 3/4 of its length

Arista on 4/5 of its length

Arista thickened nearly to the apex

33 LENGTH OF FIRST ARISTOMERE

Very short, not longer than wide

Between 1× and 2× its diameter

Between 2× and 4× its diameter

Between 4× and 6× its diameter

More than 6× its diameter

34 LENGTH OF SECOND ARISTOMERE

Very short, not longer than wide

Between 1× and 2× its diameter

Between 2× and 4× its diameter

Between 4× and 6× its diameter

Between 6× and 8× its diameter

Between 8× and 10× its diameter

More than 10× its diameter

35 LENGTH OF PREMENTUM

Prementum stubby, 1–2× its diameter [measured at mid-length]

Between 2× and 4× its diameter

Between 4× and 6× its diameter

Between 6× and 8× its diameter

Prementum long and thin, 8–12× its diameter

Prementum exceptionally long, >12× its diameter

36 LABELLA

Not elongated

Labella and prementum exceptionally elongated [as in Siphona]

37 COLOUR OF PALPUS

Black or dark brown

Light brown or partly yellow

Orange or yellowish

38 SIZE AND SHAPE OF PALPUS

Well developed, greatly enlarged apically, max. diameter ≥1/4 of its length

Slightly to moderately enlarged apically, max. diameter <1/4 of its length

Filiform or not enlarged apically

Reduced, at most as long as prementum diameter (measured at mid-length)

Palpus absent or reduced to a small tubercle

39 SCUTUM PRESUTURAL DARK VITTAE

Scutum with a pair of broad presutural dark vittae, each as wide as or wider than the pruinose vitta separating them

Scutum with with three, four or five presutural dark vittae, or uniformly covered with pruinosity

Scutum uniformly dark, lacking presutural dark vittae

40 PROSTERNAL SETAE

Prosternum with at least one pair of setulae along the lateral margin

Prosternum bare

41 SHAPE OF PROSTERNUM

Prosternum normally developed, not as described in the next entry

Prosternum, including surrounding membranes, distinctly swollen

42 PROEPISTERNAL SETAE

Bare

Pubescent or with at least a few setulae

43 POSTPRONOTAL SETAE

Postpronotal setae absent

With a single postpronotal seta

With two postpronotal setae

With three postpronotal setae arranged in a more or less straight line

With three postpronotal setae in a straight line and one, usually small, positioned anteriorly

With three postpronotal setae in a straight line and two, usually small, positioned anteriorly

With three or more postpronotal setae; the three strongest clearly arranged in a triangle

44 PRESUTURAL ACROSTICHAL SETAE

Scutum lacking presutural acrostichal setae

Scutum with one presutural acrostichal setae

Scutum with two presutural acrostichal setae

Scutum with three presutural acrostichal setae

45 PRESUTURAL DORSOCENTRAL SETAE

Scutum lacking presutural dorsocentral setae

Scutum with one presutural dorsocentral seta

Scutum with two presutural dorsocentral setae

Scutum with three presutural dorsocentral setae

Scutum with four presutural dorsocentral setae

46 POSTSUTURAL DORSOCENTRAL SETAE

Scutum lacking postsustural dorsocentral setae

Scutum with one postsustural dorsocentral seta

Scutum with two postsustural dorsocentral setae

Scutum with three postsustural dorsocentral setae

Scutum with four postsustural dorsocentral setae

47 POSTSUTURAL INTRA-ALAR SETAE

Three postsutural intra-alar setae

Two postsutural intra-alar setae, with the distance between them at most equal to that between the anteriormost postsutural intra-alar seta and the transverse suture

Two postsutural intra-alar setae, separated by a distance greater than that between the anteriormost postsutural intra-alar seta and the transverse suture

One postsutural intra-alar seta

Postsutural intra-alar setae absent

48 SUPRA-ALAR SETAE

First postsutural supra-alar seta longer than notopleural setae, and longer and stronger than the first postsutural intra-alar seta

First postsutural supra-alar seta shorter than notopleural setae, and shorter and weaker than the first postsutural intra-alar seta

49 KATEPISTERNAL SETAE

Katepisternal setae absent

One katepisternal setae

Two katepisternal setae

Three katepisternal setae

Four katepisternal setae

Five or more katepisternal setae

50 KATEPIMERON

Katepimeron bare or with at most 3–4 setulae on the anterior fourth

Katepimeron setulose on at least the anterior two-thirds

51 ANEPIMERAL SETA

Anepimeral seta absent or, if present, weak and only slightly distinct from surrounding anepimeral setae

Anepimeral seta present, at least 1.5× longer than surrounding anepimeral setae

Two well-developed anepimeral setae

52 SCUTELLUM COLOUR

Scutellum entirely black

Scutellum mainly black, with apex partially red or yellowish

Scutellum predominantly red or yellowish

53 NUMBER OF MARGINAL SCUTELLAR SETAE

Scutellum without marginal setae

Scutellum with one pair of marginal setae

Scutellum with two pairs of marginal setae

Scutellum with three pairs of marginal setae

Scutellum with four pairs of marginal setae

Scutellum with five or more pairs of marginal setae

54 LATERAL SCUTELLAR SETAE

Lateral scutellar setae absent

One pair of weak and hair-like lateral scutellar setae

One pair of lateral scutellar setae, about half the length of subapical scutellar setae

One pair of lateral scutellar setae, about 2/3 to 4/5 the length of subapical setae

One pair of lateral scutellar setae, approximately as long and strong as the subapical scutellar setae

Two or more pairs of lateral scutellar setae

55 LENGTH OF SUBAPICAL SETAE OF SCUTELLUM

Subapical scutellar setae reaching at least as far as apical scutellar setae, generally visibly longer and stronger; apical scutellar setae sometimes absent

Subapical scutellar setae not reaching as far as apical scutellar setae or, at most, equal in length

56 APICAL SCUTELLAR SETAE

Apical scutellar setae absent

Apical scutellar setae weak and hair-like

apical scutellar setae divergent

Apical setae parallel

Apical scutellar setae crossed (cruciate), horizontal, or tilted upwards by at most 30°

Apical scutellar setae crossed (cruciate) and tilted upwards by 30–60°

Apical scutellar setae crossed (cruciate) and tilted upwards by 60–90°

57 PREAPICAL SCUTELLAR SETAE

Preapical scutellar setae straight and erect

Pcutellum without preapical setae

58 ANATERGITE

Anatergite bare below calypter

Anatergite with a small tuft of fine, short setulae below the calypter

59 POSTERIOR SPIRACLE

Anterior and posterior lappets of the posterior spiracle approximately equal in size and often directed outward

Posterior lappet of posterior spiracle visibly larger than the anterior lappet

60 POSTMETACOXAL AREA

Postmetacoxal area membranous

Postmetacoxal area sclerotised

61 SHAPE OF LOWER CALYPTER [1]

Lower calypter unmodified, with inner margin more or less aligned with the lateral margin of scutellum

Lower calypter diverging from scutellum

62 SHAPE OF LOWER CALYPTER [2]

Lower calypter not bent abruptly downwards near outer margin, marginal part of calypter more or less in same plane as remainder

Lower calypter bent abruptly downwards near its outer margin, giving edge a folded appearance

63 SETULAE ON LOWER CALYPTER SURFACE

Dorsal surface of lower calypter bare

Dorsal surface of lower calypter with hair-like trichia

64 WING COLOUR

Wing membrane unpatterned: hyaline, whitish or slightly darkened

Wing membrane visibly pigmented, at least along anterior margin

65 TEGULA COLOUR

Black or dark brown

Red or yellowish

66 BASICOSTA COLOUR

Black or dark brown

Red to yellow

67 SECOND COSTAL SECTOR [CS2]

CS2 ventrally bare

CS2 more or less setulose ventrally

68 COSTAL SPINE

Costal spine generally not distinct from other costal setulae; if differentiated, clearly shorter than crossvein R-M

Costal spine as long as or longer than crossvein R-M, but shorter than twice its length

Costal spine at least twice as long as crossvein R-M

69 VEIN R1

R1 bare

R1 dorsally setulose

70 VEIN R4+5 [1]

Seta(e) at base of vein R4+5 not as described in the following entry

Base of vein R4+5 with a single seta at least as long as crossvein R-M (rarely with one or two additional short setulae)

71 VEIN R4+5 [2]

Vein R4+5 dorsally bare

Base of R4+5 with a fine setula, a single robust seta, or a combination of one seta, a few hair-like setulae, and short setulae, all confined to the vein base

Vein R4+5 with short setae extending from the base to about half the distance between the base and its intersection with crossvein R-M

Vein R4+5 with short setae extending from the base approximately to its intersection with crossvein R-M

Vein R4+5 with setae extending from the base beyond its intersection with crossvein R-M

72 VEIN CuA1

Vein CuA1 bare

Vein CuA1 dorsally with setulae

73 BEND OF M

Vein M not reaching the wing margin, disappearing into the wing membrane approximately where the bend of M would be

Vein M reaches the wing margin but lacks a distinct bend, being either slightly curved forward between crossvein R-M and the wing margin or nearly straight

Bend of vein M forming a distinctly obtuse angle

Bend of vein M angled but not forming a right angle

Bend of vein M at a right angle or, rarely, forming an acute angle

74 STUB AND PROLONGATION OF M VEIN

Bend of vein M without a stub or prolongation

Bend of vein M moderately to abruptly angled, usually with distinct fold in wing membrane, distad to bend of M

Bend of vein M with a stub visibly shorter than crossvein R-M

Bend of vein M bend with a stub about as long as crossvein R-M

Bend of vein M with a stub visibly longer than crossvein R-M

75 FOURTH COSTAL SECTOR [CS4]

CS4 shorter than CS6

CS4 about the same length as CS6

CS4 longer than CS6

CS6 absent (i.e., vein M or petiole of vein R4+5 reaches the wing margin near the wing tip)

76 PROPORTION OF M VEIN SECTIONS

Section of vein M between crossveins R-M and DM-Cu visibly longer than the section between DM-Cu and the bend of M

Section of vein M between R-M and DM-Cu approximately equal in length to the section between DM-Cu and the bend of M

Section of vein M between R-M and DM-Cu visibly shorter than the section between DM-Cu and the bend of M

77 CROSSVEIN DM-Cu

Crossvein DM-Cu not exceptionally oblique

Crossvein DM-Cu exceptionally oblique

Crossvein DM-Cu absent

78 PETIOLE [STALK]

Cell R4+5 open or vein M not reaching the wing margin

Cell r4+5 closed at wing margin

Cell r4+5 with a short petiole at most as long as 1/10 of section of M beyond bend

Cell r4+5 with a petiole ranging between 1/8–1/5 of section of M beyond bend

Cell r4+5 with a petiole ranging between 1/4–1/3 of section of M beyond bend

Cell r4+5 with a petiole approx. 1/2 of section of M beyond bend

Cell r4+5 with a petiole ranging between 2/3–3/4 of section of M beyond bend

Cell r4+5 with a petiole about as long as section of M beyond bend

Cell r4+5 with a petiole distinctly longer than section of M beyond bend

79 COLOUR OF LEGS

Femora and tibiae black or dark brown

Femora black or dark brown, tibiae red or yellow

Femora at least partly yellow or red, tibiae red, yellow or black

80 FORE COXA

Anteroventral surface of fore coxae entirely or mostly bare

Anteroventral surface of fore coxae entirely or mostly covered with decumbent setulae

81 FORE TIBIA

Anterodorsal preapical seta of fore tibia visibly shorter than dorsal preapical seta

Anterodorsal preapical seta of fore tibia approximately as long as the dorsal preapical seta

Anterodorsal preapical seta of fore tibia visibly longer than dorsal preapical seta

82 MID TIBIA

Mid tibia without anterodorsal setae

Mid tibia with one anterodorsal seta

Mid tibia with two anterodorsal setae

Mid tibia three anterodorsal setae

Mid tibia four anterodorsal setae

Mid tibia with five or more anterodorsal setae

83 HIND TIBIA [1]

Hind tibia with two [or less] dorsal preapical setae

Hind tibia with three dorsal preapical setae [in anterodorsal, dorsal and posterodorsal position]

Hind tibia with four [or more] dorsal preapical setae

84 HIND TIBIA [2]

Preapical posteroventral seta of hind tibia shorter than preapical anteroventral seta

Preapical posteroventral seta of hind tibia about as long as preapical anteroventral seta

85 HIND TIBIA [3]

Anterodorsal setae of hind tibia variable in length and thickness, not forming a comb-like row

Male hind tibia with regular row of anterodorsal setae forming comb-like structure; setae equal in length except one longer seta situated near mid-length

Male and female hind tibia with regular row of anterodorsal setae forming comb-like structure; setae equal in length except for one longer seta near mid-length

Male and female with regular row of flattened, feather-shaped setae, uniform in shape and size

86 HIND COXA

Posterodorsal margin of hind coxa bare

Posterodorsal margin of hind coxa with one or more setae or setulae

87 GROUND COLOUR OF ABDOMEN

Abdomen entirely black, sometimes shiny or with metallic sheen

Abdomen mainly black, tergites 2–4 laterally red or yellowish, coloration usually not visible in dorsal view

Abdomen partly red or yellowish, coloration extending over at most half of dorsal surface

Abdomen mainly red or yellowish

88 ABDOMINAL MICROTOMENTUM (PATTERN)

Abdomen shiny, without pruinosity

Tergites 3 and 4 uniformly covered with light microtomentum or with narrow band of microtomentum on anterior margin

Tergites 3 and 4 with thin but distinct band of microtomentum on anterior margin, extending over at most 1/3 of tergite length; sometimes mediodorsally interrupted

Tergites 3 and 4 with clear and extended bands of microtomentum on anterior margin, exceeding 1/3 of tergite length

Abdominal tergites densely and entirely microtomentose; coverage sometimes uneven, tessellated or with dark patches

89 FUSION OF ABDOMINAL TERGITES

Abdominal tergites not fused dorsally; sutures distinct and complete

Dorsal abdominal sutures indistinct or absent; tergites fused

90 MID-DORSAL DEPRESSION ON SYNTERGITE 1+2

Mid-dorsal depression of syntergite 1+2 reaching posterior margin

Mid-dorsal depression of syntergite 1+2 extending over anterior 7/8 of its length

Mid-dorsal depression of syntergite 1+2 extending over anterior 2/3 to 3/4 of its length

Mid-dorsal depression of syntergite 1+2 extending over anterior half of its length

91 MARGINAL SETAE ON SYNTERGITE 1+2

Syntergite 1+2 without median marginal setae, or with hair-like setae indistinct from general pubescence

Syntergite 1+2 with one pair of distinct median marginal setae

Syntergite 1+2 with more than one pair of median marginal setae

92 MEDIAN MARGINAL SETAE ON TERGITES 3 AND 4

Tergites 3 and 4 without median marginal setae

Tergites 3 and 4 with one pair of median marginal setae

Tergite 4 with a complete row of marginal setae

93 MEDIAN DISCAL SETAE ON TERGITES 3 AND 4

Tergites 3 and 4 without median discal setae

Tergite 3 without, tergite 4 with median discal setae

Tergites 3 and 4 with median discal setae

94 TERGITE 5 LENGTH

Tergite 5 short, ca. 0.6 times as long as tergite 4

Tergite 5 between 0.6 and 0.9 times as long as tergite 4

Tergite 5 about as long as tergite 4 (0.9–1.1×)

Tergite 5 longer than tergite 4 (1.1–1.5×)

Tergite 5 more than 1.5 times as long as tergite 4

95 STERNITE 4

Sternite 4 entirely concealed by margins of tergite 4

Sternite 4 barely visible

Sternite 4 well visible but not fully exposed

Sternite 4 completely exposed; membrane between tergite and sternite well visible

96 MALE ABDOMINAL SEXUAL PATCHES

Abdominal tergites with typical, unspecialized setation

Ventral or ventrolateral surface of tergite 4 (sometimes also tergite 3) with pair of patches of tightly-set decumbent setulae and/or setae

Ventral surfaces of tergites 4 and 5 each with paired patches of tightly-set decumbent setulae or setae and microtrichia

Ventral surface of tergites 4 and 5 with thin decumbent setulae on shiny, non-pruinose cuticle

97 FEMALE POSTABDOMEN (OVIPOSITOR)

Oovipositor without specialized piercing structure

Ovipositor with specialized piercing structure

Female abdomen or postabdomen characterized by peculiar structures

98 GENERAL BODY COLOUR

Body without metallic sheen

Body with metallic sheen